MOHAWK * ONEIDA * ONONDAGA * CAYUGA * SENECA * TUSCARORA

man.jpg (15194 bytes)
man.jpg (15194 bytes)

Location - State of New York and South Carolina
Iroquois Five Nations c. 1650
Iroquois Five Nations c. 1650
external image Iroquois_6_Nations_map_c1720.png

Values

Government - Matrilinage
Lineage - Family line is traced through the mothers side

Clans

Current clans||~ Seneca ||~ Cayuga ||~ Onondaga ||~ Tuscarora ||~ Oneida ||~ Mohawk ||
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Bear
Bear
Bear
Bear
Bear
Bear
Turtle
Turtle
Turtle
Turtle
Turtle
Turtle
Snipe
Snipe
Snipe
Snipe

Snipe
Deer

Deer
Deer


Beaver

Beaver
Beaver


Heron
Heron
Heron



Hawk

Hawk





Eel
Eel



Religion - Creation Story

The Iroquois Nation or Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) was a powerful and unique gathering of Native American tribes that lived prior to the arrival of Europeans in the area around New York State. In many ways, the constitution that bound them together, The Great Binding Law, was a precursor to the American Constitution. It was received by the spiritual leader, Deganawida (The Great Peacemaker), assisted by the Mohawk leader, Hiawatha five tribes came together. These were the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Later, the Tuscarora joined and this group of six tribes united together under one law and a common council.

English
Iroquoian
Meaning
17th/18th century location
Seneca
Onondowahgah
"People of the Great Hill"
Seneca Lake and Genesee River
Cayuga
Guyohkohnyoh
"People of the Great Swamp"
Cayuga Lake
Onondaga
Onundagaono
"People of the Hills"
Onondaga Lake
Oneida
Onayotekaono
"People of Upright Stone"
Oneida Lake
Mohawk
Kanien'kéhaka
"People of the Flint"
Mohawk River
Tuscarora1
Ska-Ruh-Reh
"Shirt-Wearing People"
From North Carolina2

Clothing
The Iroquois made most of their clothing from deerskin. The women wore skirts, vests, and moccasins. They decorated their clothes with porcupine quills, shell beads, and dyed hair. The women also made necklaces of shell beads and animal teeth. The women in the northern areas wore leggings and breechcloths. In the winter they wore rabbit fur capes or shawls tied over the left shoulder. The Iroquois men wore deerskin breechcloths during the hot summer. In the cold weather they wore leather leggings and tunics. The men wore moccasins made of leather or corn husks.

Food

The Iroquois men hunted deer and other game. Boys were allowed to join the men in hunting after they had killed a deer by themselves. Farming determined the way the Indians lived. The Iroquois moved to new locations when their large fields no longer produced a good crop of beans, corn, and squash. They called beans, squash, and corn "The Three Sisters". The women tended the crops. One favorite food of the Iroquois was corn cakes. It was made by patting corn into round cakes then baking it.

Housing
external image cayuga4.jpg

The longhouse was large enough to hold a family of 30 to 60 people. It could be 25 to 150 feet long. The longhouse was built by driving two rows of poles into the ground in zigzag lines ten or twelve feet apart. The poles were tied together a the top. Other poles were fastened across them. Next slabs of bark were tied to cover the poles. An open space was left at the top for smoke to escape. A door was built at the end of the long house. The door was covered with a curtain made from animal skins. Inside the longhouse a wide path ran though the center. Each family had a space about six by nine feet for a personal area. The family space was separated from the reston the longhouse by leather curtains. In the personal space a seat was built against the wall. Clothes and tools were stored under the seat. The seat was also used as a bed. The bed was covered with corn husk mats and then skins and furs.

Recreation

Native American leisure time led to competitive individual and team sports. Early accounts include team games played between tribes with hundreds of players on the field at once.. Jim Thorpe, Notah Begay III, Jacoby Ellsbury, and Billy Mills are well known professional athletes.

Team based

external image 180px-Ball_players.jpg
external image magnify-clip.pngBall players from the Choctaw and Lakota tribe as painted by George Catlin in the 1830s
Native American ball sports, sometimes referred to as lacrosse, stickball, or baggataway, was often used to settle disputes rather than going to war which was a civil way to settle potential conflict. The Choctaw called it ISITOBOLI ("Little Brother of War");[110] the Onondaga name was DEHUNTSHIGWA'ES ("men hit a rounded object"). There are three basic versions classifed as Great Lakes, Iroquoian, and Southern.[111] The game is played with one or two rackets/sticks and one ball. The object of the game is to land the ball on the opposing team's goal (either a single post or net) to score and prevent the opposing team from scoring on your goal. The game involves as few as twenty or as many as 300 players with no height or weight restrictions and no protective gear. The goals could be from a few hundred feet apart to a few miles; in Lacrosse the field is 110 yards. A Jesuit priest referenced stickball in 1729, and George Catlin painted the subject.


http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/reports1/iroquois.htm
http://www.iroquois.net/
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Iroquois
http://www.bigorrin.org/iroquois_kids.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States#Sports